Articles Posted in Mortgage-Backed Securities

Institutional Investor Roundup: Ex-IndyMac Executives Class Action Securities Case for $6.5M, New York Fed Sells $828M of Mortgage Debt Securities from AIG Bailout, and Survey Says That 25% of Wall Street Employees Believe Cheating is Necessary to Succeed

Published on: July 18, 2012 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

The former executives of IndyMac Banccorp have consented to settle class-action securities lawsuit related to bank holding company’s collapse when the housing bubble burst. Per the settlement terms, the financial firm’s insurer will pay investors $6.5 million in cash.

IndyMac shareholders had gone after ex-CEO Michael Perry and ex-finance officer Scott Keys in 2008, contending that they had misled investors about the mortgage lender’s poor financial condition. A month later, federal bank regulators closed down IndyMac Bank. Although the two of them are settling, they were not required to admit to any wrongdoing.

“Again, no jail time for anyone,” commented Shepherd Smith Edwards and Kantas, LTD, LLP Founder and Stockbroker Fraud Lawyer William Shepherd.

Federal Judge Approves $40M Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Settlement In Class Action Against Former Lehman Brothers Holdings Executives

Published on: June 26, 2012 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

The U.S. District Court in Manhattan’s Judge Lewis A. Kaplan has approved a $40 million class action settlement in the residential mortgage-backed securities lawsuit against three individuals who used to be affiliated with Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (LEHMQ). The plaintiffs are pension and union groups, including Locals 302 and 612 of the International Union of Operating Engineers – Employers Construction Trust Fund, Boilermakers-Blacksmith National Pension Trust, and New Jersey Carpenters Health Fund. The deadline for class members to file their settlement claims is August 20, 2012.

The defendants, Samir Tabet, James J. Sullivan, and Mark L. Zusy, had previously worked for Lehman affiliate Structured Asset Securities Corp. They are accused of filing misleading Offering Documents about the credit quality of mortgage pass-through certificates that were worth billions of dollars. The certificates were issued in 2006 and 2007.

The plaintiffs had submitted their original institutional securities lawsuit prior to Lehman’s filing for bankruptcy in September 2008. This case is one of a number of class action complaints accusing the financial firm and its ex-executives of wrongdoing and negligence.

Per the terms of the RMBS settlement, the Lehman Brothers Estate is responsible for paying $8.3 million. Dow Jones News Services reports that an insurance policy for the financial firm’s ex-directors and former officers will pay the remaining $31.7 million.

When Lehman filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, this was considered a major catalyst for the global financial crisis that ensued. The firm, which emerged from bankruptcy protection this March, is now a liquidating company that is expected to spend the next years repaying its investors and creditors that have asserted over $300 billion in claims. Depending on the type of debt owed, a creditor may receive 21 cents/28 cents on the dollar. Also, Lehman is still a defendant in several securities lawsuits related to its bankruptcy and there are other claims against it that need to be resolved.

Last month, Judge Kaplan approved the use of $90 million in insurance to settle another lawsuit against Fuld, ex-finance chief Erin Callan, ex-president Joseph Gregory, former CFO Ian Lowitt, ex-chief risk officer Christopher O’Meara, and several former Lehman directors. The plaintiffs include pension funds, companies, and individuals located abroad. The investors had purchased $30 billion in Lehman debt and equity prior to the firm’s bankruptcy filing and their investments later failed.

Kaplan had initially refused to let the plaintiffs’ insurers pay the $90 million because he wanted to determine whether the securities settlement was a fair one. Now that the federal judge has signed off on it, the plaintiffs will not have to pay for the settlement out of pocket and they are released from the investors’ securities claims.

Judge Approves $40M Settlement with Ex-Lehman Execs, WSJ, June 22, 2012

The Lehman Settlement

Ex-Lehman Executives’ $90 Million Settlement Approved, Bloomberg, May 24, 2012

More Blog Posts:
Ex-Lehman Brothers Holdings Chief Executive Defends Request that Insurance Fund Pay Legal Bills, Stockbroker Fraud Blog, October 19, 2011

Lehman Brothers’ “Structured Products” Investigated by Stockbroker Fraud Law Firm Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas LTD LLP, Stockbroker Fraud Blog, September 30, 2008

Institutional Investment Securities Round-Up: Citigroup Agrees to $3.5M FINRA FIne Related to Subprime RMBS, Ex-Broker Consents to $600K CFTC Fine Over Alleged Options Trading Scam, and Senate Ag Chair Presses Regulators To Fully Implement Dodd-Frank

Published on: May 29, 2012 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (CLQ) has consented to pay the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority a $3.5M fine to settle allegations that he gave out inaccurate information about subprime residential mortgage-backed securities. The SRO is also accusing the financial firm of supervisory failures and inadequate maintenance of records and books.

Per FINRA, beginning January 2006 through October 2007, Citigroup published mortgage performance information that was inaccurate on its Web site, including inaccurate information about three subprime and Alt-A securitizations that may have impacted investors’ assessment of subsequent RMB. Citigroup also allegedly failed to supervise the pricing of MBS because of a lack of procedures to verify pricing and did not properly document the steps that were executed to evaluate the reasonableness of the prices provided by traders. The financial firm is also accused of not maintaining the needed books and records, including original margin call records. By settling, Citigroup is not denying or admitting to the FINRA securities charges.

In other institutional investment securities news, in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, Kent Whitney an ex-registered floor broker at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, agreed to pay $600K to settle allegations by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission that he made statements that were “false and misleading” to the exchange and others about a scam to trade options without posting margin. The CFTC contends that between May 2008 and April 2010, Whitney engaged in the scam on eight occasions, purposely giving out clearing firms that had invalid account numbers in connection with trades made on the New York Mercantile Exchange CME trading floors. He is said to have gotten out of posting over $96 million in margin.

Court Rules that Victims of Fraudulent Sales of Derivative Securities Must File Separate Claims – No Class Action Allowed

Published on: May 11, 2012 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has affirmed a lower court’s decision to not grant the petition of two pension funds asking to certify a class action of investors that allegedly suffered financial losses in mortgage-backed securities. The Second Circuit said that the Lower Court did not abuse its discretion by denying the motion for class certification.

The institutional investment fraud cases were argued together at both the district court and appeals court levels but have never been officially consolidated. In both mortgage-backed securities lawsuits, the lead plaintiffs—both pension funds—are accusing their respective defendants of making misleading and false statements in the different MBS prospectuses. They are seeking to recover their losses.

Although the MBS that the plaintiffs had purchased were given AAA credit ratings for the majority of the tranches, the delinquency and default rates in the underlying mortgages would go on to dramatically go up. The ratings agencies then went on to downgrade most of these tranches.

The plaintiffs are claiming that the defaults are an indicator that the subcontractors and issuers failed to follow underwriting guidelines. If this is true, then there were false statements in the registration statements at the time the MBS were bought.

While the plaintiffs had made their claims under the 1933 Securities Act’s Sections 11, 12, and 15, the appeals court said that only claims under Section 11 needed to be discussed, as the claims under the other two sections were derivatives of the Section 11 claims. Under Section 11, a prima facie case has to have proof that a registration statement included material misstatements or omissions. However, since it isn’t a fraud provision, a culpable mental state on the issuer’s part is not required.

Section 11 claims are subject to an affirmative defense in that the issuer can show that when the acquisition took place the buyer had knowledge about a specific omission or untruth. The district court held that to determine whether each buyer had knowledge of specific untruths or omissions at the time of purchase, individual inquiries overriding the common issues would be needed. This holding was affirmed by the appeals court. The second circuit also said that the district court only looked at the facts “on the limited record available on this case.” It noted that district court judge, Harold Baer Jr. has since this decision not to certify the plaintiffs in these two cases granted class certification in similar litigation. (Public Employees’ Retirement System of Mississippi v. Goldman Sachs Group)

The appeals court said that its review was limited to the class definition rejected by the lower court judge and to the record the way it was when the motion to certify was made. It said the appeals determination was “without prejudice to further motion practice in the district court on the matter.”

Boilermaker Blacksmith National Pension Trust v. Harborview Mortgage Loan Trust 2006-4 (PDF)

More Blog Posts:

H & R Block Subsidiary Option One Mortgage Corporation to Pay $28.2M to Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Investors, Institutional Investor Securities Blog, April 25, 2012

FDIC Objects to Bank of America’s Proposed $8.5B Settlement Over Mortgage-Backed Securities, Stockbroker Fraud Blog, August 30, 2011

Morgan Stanley Sued by MetLife for Securities Fraud Over $757 Million in Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities

Published on: April 28, 2012 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

Metlife (MET) is suing Morgan Stanley (MS) for securities fraud. According to Bloomberg, the insurance company bought over $757 million in residential mortgage-backed securities from the financial firm in 2006 and 2007. In the institutional investment fraud lawsuit, Morgan Stanley had vouched that the properties behind the loans were “accurately appraised” and that the loans met underwriting guidelines. The insurer, however, contends that the loans’ originators were actually some of the subprime lending industry’s “worst culprits.”

The RMBS lawsuit comes right after MetLife agreed to pay half a billion dollars to settle a probe by a number of states over its payment practices. The investigation involves the Social Security “Death Master” file, which includes a list of names of people who have recently passed away. Insurance companies are accused of using the list to stop issuing to dead clients their annuity payments and not using the list to confirm that life insurance policyholders had died.

MetLife announced on Thursday that it was leaving the reverse mortgage industry. Nationstar Mortgage LLC (NSM) will buy its portfolio. The move is a big change for the insurance company, which had been the market leader.

Meantime, Morgan Stanley has been battling other residential mortgage-backed securities lawsuits. Earlier this year, Sealink Funding Ltd. filed a case against it over more than $556 million in RMBS that it purchased. Sealink Funding, a European fund, was set up to manage Landesbank Sachsen AG’s most high-risk assets.

The fund bought the securities from Morgan Stanley after the financial firm said it had done its due diligence on the lenders of the investments and that the loans satisfied underwriting standards and merited their AAA ratings. Sealink called the loans’ originators among the subprime lending industry’s “worst culprits.”

Last year, Allstate Insurance Co. (ALL) filed its RMBS lawsuit against Morgan Stanley over more than $104 million in RMBS it bought in several offerings. The insurer’s contention over reassurances the financial firm made about the securities is similar to the allegations made by Sealink and Metlife. Allstate has also filed RMBS lawsuits against other financial firms, including Merrill Lynch (MER) units, Citigroup Inc. (C), and Bank of America Corp.’s (BAC) Countrywide.

As previously noted by SEC Enforcement director Robert Khuzami, mortgage products played a crucial role in the financial crisis that began a few years ago. Unprecedented losses resulted when mortgage-backed securities failed. Many institutional investors are still trying to recover. They claim they were misled about the risks involved and they want their money back.

MetLife Pays $500 Million To Settle Probe Into Unpaid Claims For Dead Policy Holders, Huffington Post, April 23, 2012

MetLife to pay $500 million in multi-state death benefits probe, Los Angeles Times, April 23, 2012

Morgan Stanley Sued by Allstate on Mortgage Claims, Bloomberg, August 18, 2011

More Blog Posts:
H & R Block Subsidiary Option One Mortgage Corporation to Pay $28.2M to Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Investors, Institutional Investor Securities Blog, April 25, 2012

Bank of New York Mellon Corp. Must Contend with Pension Fund Claims Over Countrywide Mortgage-Backed Securities, Institutional Investor Securities Blog, April 10, 2012

H & R Block Subsidiary Option One Mortgage Corporation to Pay $28.2M to Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Investors

Published on: April 25, 2012 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

H & R Block (HRB) subsidiary Option One Mortgage Corporation has agreed to pay $28.2 million to settle Securities and Exchange Commission charges that it misled investors in over $4B in residential mortgage-backed securities when it failed to let them know that the company’s financial health was deteriorating. According to the SEC, Option One, which is now called Sand Canyon Corporation, promised these investors that it would replace or buy back mortgages that breached warranties or misrepresentations, even though it was unlikely that the mortgage lender would be able to fulfill these obligations.

Leading up to the 2007 fiscal year, Option One had originations of $40 billion during the year prior and was among the country’s largest mortgage lenders, originating and selling subprime loans through whole loan pool sales and market securitization in the secondary market. During this period, to be able to fulfill its buyback commitments and margin calls, it needed for H & R Block to give it financing under a credit line. However, Block wasn’t obligated to give Option One this funding, which is a fact that the mortgage lender neglected to tell its RMBS investors. When its revenues started to drop and it sustained substantial losses as the subprime mortgage market began to fail during the summer of 2006, Option One’s creditors started to ask for hundreds of millions of dollars in margin calls. (The SEC also claims that the mortgage lender’s losses were a threat to H & R Block’s credit rating while the tax service provider was negotiating its sale. Option One was sold by H & R Block to Wilbur Ross for about $1 billion.)

To settle the SEC allegations over RMBS fraud, Option One will not only pay the $28.2 million (A $10 million penalty, $14,250,558 in disgorgement, and $3,982,027 in prejudgment interest), but also, it has consented to a permanent order entry enjoining it from Securities Act of 1933 Sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) violations. The mortgage lender isn’t, however, denying or admitting to the charges.

Commenting on this RMBS case, SEC Division of Enforcement’s Structured and New Products Unit Chief Kenneth Lench spoke about the Commission’s commitment to act against parties that neglect to reveal pertinent facts that up an investment’s risk, even if the risks never becomes a reality. The SEC has been pursuing those believed to engaged in misconduct related to RMBS and other complex financial instruments.

The SEC isn’t the only one to sue Option One. In 2011, the mortgage lender settled Massachusetts securities charges against it by agreeing to pay $9.8 million in restitution and $115 million in loan modifications.

Read the SEC’s complaint (PDF)

More Blog Posts:
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Working Group Brings Federal Investigators and State Law Enforcement Officials Together to Investigate How MBS Abuses Contributed to 2008 Financial Crisis,

FDIC Objects to Bank of America’s Proposed $8.5B Settlement Over Mortgage-Backed Securities, Stockbroker Fraud Blog, August 30, 2011

Bank of New York Mellon Corp. Must Contend with Pension Fund Claims Over Countrywide Mortgage-Backed Securities

Published on: April 10, 2012 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York has decided that investors can sue Bank of New York Mellon (BK) over its role as trustee in Countrywide Financial Corp.’s mortgage-backed securities that they say cost billions of dollars in damages. While Judge William Pauley threw out some of the clams filed in the securities fraud lawsuit submitted by the pension funds, he said that the remaining ones could proceed. The complaint was filed by the Benefit Fund of the City of Chicago, the Retirement Board of the Policemen’s Annuity, and the City of Grand Rapids General Retirement System. The retirement board and Chicago’s benefit fund hold certificates that 25 New York trusts and one Delaware trust had issued, and BNY Mellon is the indentured trustee for both. Pooling and servicing agreements govern how money is allocated to certificate holders.

In Retirement Board of Policemen’s Annuity and Benefit Fund of City of Chicago v. Bank of New York Mellon, the plaintiffs are accusing BNYM of ignoring its responsibility as the investors’ trustee. They believe that the bank neglected to review the loan files for mortgages that were backing the securities to make sure that there were no defective or missing documents. The bank also allegedly did not act for investors to ensure that loans having “irregularities” were taken from the mortgage pools. As a result, bondholders sustained massive losses and were forced to experience a great deal of uncertainty about investors’ ownership interest in the mortgage loans. The plaintiffs are saying that it was BNYM’s job to perfect the assignment of mortgages to the trusts, certify that documentation was correct, review loan files, and make sure that the trust’s master servicer executed its duties and remedied or bought back defective loans. Countrywide Home Loans Inc. had originally been master servicer until it merged with Bank of America (BAC).

The district court, in granting its motion, limited the lawsuit to the trusts in which the pension fund had interests. It also held that the fund only claimed “injury in fact” in regards to the trusts in which it held certificates. The court found that the certificates from New York are debt securities and not equity and are covered under the Trust Indenture Act. The plaintiffs not only did an adequate job of pleading that Bank of America and Countrywide were in breach of the PSAs, but also they adequately pleaded that defaults of the PSAs were enough to trigger BNYM’s responsibilities under Sections 315(b) and (c). The court, however, threw out the claims that BNYM violated Section 315(a) by not performing certain duties under the PSAs and certain other agreements.

BNYM says it will defend itself against the claims that remain.

Bank of NY Mellon must face lawsuit on Countrywide, Reuters, April 3, 2012

Judge Rejects Bank Of NY Mellon Motion To Dismiss Countrywide Suit, Fox, April 3, 2012

More Blog Posts:
District Court in Texas Decides that Credit Suisse Securities Doesn’t Have to pay Additional $186,000 Arbitration Award to Luby’s Restaurant Over ARS, Stockbroker Fraud Blog, June 2, 2011

Credit Suisse Group AG Must Pay ST Microelectronics NV $431 Million Auction-Rate Securities Arbitration Award, Stockbroker Fraud Blog, April 5, 2012

Citigroup to Pay $285M to Settle SEC Lawsuit Alleging Securities Fraud in $1B Derivatives Deal, Institutional Investor Securities Blog, October 20, 2011

Two Ex-Credit Suisse Executives Plead Guilty to Mortgage-Backed Securities Fraud

Published on: February 7, 2012 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

Salmaan Siddiqui and David Higgs have pled guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud and conspiracy to falsify books in the mortgage-backed securities fraud case against them. Higgs was former a Credit Suisse managing director while Siddiqui had been vice president.

The US Securities and Exchange Commission and the Justice Department have been conducting coordinated enforcement efforts against Higgs, Siddiqui, and Kareen Serageldin. They are charged with fraudulently inflating asset-backed bonds’ prices during late 2007 and early 2008. The bonds consisted of commercial mortgage-backed securities and subprime residential mortgage-backed securities in Credit Suisse’s trading books. Their alleged manipulation of the bond prices resulted in the financial firm getting a $2.65B write-down of its end of the year financial results for 2007. Meantime, seeing as trading book profitability determines bonuses, the three defendants obtained hefty ones.

In addition to the three men, the SEC is also suing Faisal Siddiqui as a fourth defendant. In its securities fraud complaint, the Commission accused the men of being involved in a scam to fraudulently overstate the prices of over $3B of subprime bonds. Recorded phone calls document their fraudulent actions.

Serageldin, who was Credit Suisse’s Structured Credit Trading global head, reportedly initiated the MBS fraud while Higgs, who was with the financial firm’s Hedge Trading, oversaw the operation. The Siddiquis, who are not related to each other, were brokers that allegedly falsely processed the bonds’ prices.

In August 2007, the defendants reportedly started pricing the bonds in a way that would benefit them, rather than recording the fair value. The MBS scam would continue to accelerate as the credit markets faltered. By the end of the year, they were pricing the bonds at falsely high levels. Higgs would later on get the bond prices raised beyond their year-end levels to gain favorable P & L results at the end of January.

In February, Credit Suisse reported having a 2007 net income of $7.12 billion and fourth quarter earnings of $1.16B. Seeing as these figures incorporated the false gains, the information was materially misleading and false. Their scam fell apart when Credit Suisse senior management realized that specific bonds that the defendants’ controlled had been priced abnormally high.

MBS Pricing by Credit Suisse Traders
Credit Suisse traders must price the securities that they hold at fair value, which is determined by current market price or the current price for a similar liability or asset. When there is no liquid market, the traders have to refer to other indicia to determine their assets’ fair value. Credit Suisse brokers know that the ABX indices are the benchmark for specific securities backed by home loans and that they must refer to it when placing a price on RMBS bonds and related products.

Ex-Credit Suisse bond players plead guilty to MBS fraud, Housing Wire, February 2, 2012

Manhattan U.S. Attorney and FBI Assistant Director in Charge Announce Charges Against Two Former Credit Suisse Managing Directors and Vice President for Fraudulently Inflating Subprime Mortgage-Related Bond Prices in Trading Book, FBI, February 2012

SEC Charges Former Credit Suisse Investment Bankers in Subprime Bond Pricing Scheme, SEC, February 1, 2012

Credit Suisse Group AG Must Pay ST Microelectronics NV $431 Million Auction-Rate Securities Arbitration Award, Stockbroker Fraud Blog, April 5, 2012

Citigroup to Pay $285M to Settle SEC Lawsuit Alleging Securities Fraud in $1B Derivatives Deal, Institutional Investor Securities Blog, October 20, 2011

Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Working Group Brings Federal Investigators and State Law Enforcement Officials Together to Investigate How MBS Abuses Contributed to 2008 Financial Crisis

Published on: January 30, 2012 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

55 Federal Bureau of Investigation agents, prosecutors, and analysts have been dispatched by the US government to join up with state law enforcement officials as part of a financial crimes enforcement unit that will investigate how home mortgage abuses played a part in creating the economic meltdown of 2008. The Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Working Group is headed by the US Department of Justice and New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman (D). More lawyers, investigators, and support staff will be joining the team in the weeks to come.

Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities were the large investment packages of what proved to be comprised of close to worthless mortgages that not just helped spur on the country’s economic collapse but also bankrupted a lot of investors. SEC enforcement director Robert Khuzami has called the mortgage products the “ground zero” of the crisis.

During his State of the Union speech last week, President Obama announced the expanded federal-state probe that would be conducted by this working unit. The RMBS working group will have collective authority to look into abuses involving all areas of the financial services industry, including the selling, packaging, and valuing of residential MBS.

Former Brookstreet Securities Broker Who Promoted Subprime Mortgages Commits Suicide

Published on: January 7, 2012 | by Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas, LLP

Cliff Popper, the South Florida trader and former Brookstreet Securities broker known for convincing retail investors to get to behind risky subprime mortgages and defrauding them of over $100 million, has died. Popper, who was awaiting the judge’s decision in a civil securities fraud trial where he was a defendant, killed himself earlier this week.

The US Securities and Exchange Commission had accused him of designing an investment program that misled clients, who ended up losing their investments when the housing market collapsed. While with Brookstreet, Popper traveled the US and coached brokers on how to sell the financial instruments. He and his team played a key role in selling CMOs, and as clients invested over $300 million in mortgaged backed securities, they made over $18 million in salary and commissions in three years.

In June 2007, however, as the sub-prime loan market declined and loan-based securities dropped significantly, certain investors borrowed up to 90% of all their investments. Brookstreet Securities Corp. went into decline after National Financial Services LLC (its clearing company) issued a margin call on accounts with collateralized mortgage obligations. The losses caused the financial firm to make shortfalls and lose all its capital. Brookstreet was forced to shut down its operations later that year. More than 600 brokers became unemployed.

In 2009, the SEC charged Popper and several others with securities fraud and of depleting the finances of investors, many of whom lost their life savings, retirement, and homes. At the civil securities fraud trial against him, Popper claimed that he never purposely made misrepresentations to anyone.

Popper was known for his extravagant lifestyle, including a $2.4 million condo and a Sun Life Stadium sky box. During the Superbowl XXXIX weekend in 2005, he spent $2,000 on a limo to transport clients to a Hawaiian Tropic model event. Popper previously worked for four financial firms, including Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith Inc. and Workman Securities Corp.

Shepherd Smith Edwards & Kantas LTD, LLP has filed individual claims on behalf of investors that lost money from investing in mortgage backed securities through Brookstreet. Many clients were left in a state of financial limbo when the financial firm shut its doors.

CMO Securities
Investors in a CMO purchase entity-issued bonds and get payments in accordance to specific rules. The mortgages are the collateral and the bonds are known as “tranches.” CMOs transform illiquid, individual financial assets and turn them into liquid, tradable capital market instruments so that mortgage originators can fill up their funds, which can then go toward more origination activities.

More Blog Posts:
Wedbush Hit with Nun’s Complaint over CMO’s – May Have More Than Brokers in Common with Brookstreet, Stockbroker Fraud Blog, July 18, 2007

Some Brookstreet Brokers Become Wedbush Morgan Brokers, Stockbroker Fraud Blog, July 9, 2007

Northern Trust Securities Agrees to $600,000 FINRA Fine Over Charges It Failed to Properly Monitor High-Volume Securities Trades and CMO Sales, Institutional Investor Securities Blog, June 8, 2011